Hobbies and Preferences English Korean How to ask (반말non-polite, 존댓말polite) How to answer(반말non-polite, 존댓말polite) Hobby 취미 Non-polite: 취미가 뭐야? Polite: 취미가 뭐예요? Honorifics: 취미가 어떻게 되세요? 내 취미는C이야/V야. 제 취미는C이에요/V예요 or 입니다. [EX] 여행traveling이야/이에요/입니다. 농구basketball야/예요/입니다. Verb stem + ~는 것(거 colloquial) = ~ing 책 읽는 거예요. (My hobby) is reading. 한국어 공부하는…
MEANING Used both for hypothetical, imaginative situations as well as likely situations (“if and when”) English “when” is translated as “~(으)면” when talking about general tendencies CONJGUATION Dictionary stem 다 Consonant 으면 Vowel 면 Used with both verb and adjective stemsCan be used with different tenses : ~았/었으면 (past), ~(으)ㄹ 거면(probability, future) 좋다 to be…
3 Ways to change active verbs to passive: By inserting one of the suffixes ~이,히,리,기~ in active verbsBy conjugating the active verbs with the ending ~어/아지다By changing 하다 to 되다 When passive structure is used: When something is done to the subject without their active actionsWhen an inanimate subject is used: English intransitive verbs are…
BREAKDOWN ~다면/라면 = ~다고/N(이)라고 하면 “If, let’s say…” : combination of quotation and “if” Used only for hypothetical, imaginative situations you are unsure about When: likely to happen Purely hypothetical imagination ~(으)면 O O ~다면/라면 X O Click here to study ~(으)면 first! EXAMPLES 집에 가면 전화해. 1) When you go home, call me. –…
QUOTE SUGGESTION: ~자고 하다 When PERSON 1 suggested something (~자, ~(으)ㄹ래?, ~(으)ㄹ까?) and you are reporting to PERSON 2 that PERSON 1 suggested it, you use ~자고 하다. EXAMPLE 수지: 오늘 밥 같이 먹자. (Let’s eat together today.)((You go to another friend 지민.))나: 지민아, 수지가 밥 같이 먹자고 했어. (Jimin, Suji suggested that we eat…
CONJUGATION Conjugation rules base on the plain speech level conjugation EXAMPLES 선생님이 요즘 바쁘다고 하셨어요. (The teacher said s/he is busy nowadays.)친구가 오늘 아프다고 했어요. (My friend said s/he is sick today.)사람들이 요즘 일자리가 많이 없다고 해요. (People say there aren’t many jobs nowadays.) 걔 오늘 생일이라던데. 알고 있었어? (S/he said it’s her/his birthday today,…
USAGE This is the least polite and most casual sentence ending in Korean. It is used when there is no designated listeners and thus no need to use particular politeness levels (writing) or when you can be completely casual to the listener (friends, yourself)– Used in writings: journals, diaries, reports, essays, news articles, novels, etc.–…
BASIC DIFFERENCE 하다: ACTIVE ACTION “to do” Subject이/가 Object을/를 하다 [subject does object] 되다: PASSIVE RESULT “to become” Subject이/가 되다 [subject gets/becomes…] No object(을/를) before 되다 verbs 1. Active vs. Passive 예약(을) 하다 to make a reservation예약(이) 되다 to be reserved 사용(을) 하다 to use사용(이) 되다 to be used 준비(를) 하다 to prepare sth.준비(가) 되다…
Dictionary stem Retrospective Suffix(es) Ending Polite Ending 더 ~라(고) ~ 요 더 ~(으)ㄴ데 From 그런데(but)INT 9 | ~던데 ~요 ~더~ Recalling experience the speaker saw, heard, felt firsthand ~더라(고요) Reporting new information the speaker obtained through memory of what s/he saw, heard, or felt firsthand “I saw, heard others ~ing, and learned…” “I…
Dictionary stem Retrospective Suffix(es) Ending Polite Ending 더 ~라(고)INT 10 | ~더라(고) Retrospective ~ 요 더 ~(으)ㄴ데 From 그런데(but) ~요 ~더~ Recalling experience the speaker saw, heard, felt firsthand ~던데(요) 1) Refuting, disagreeing (from the original “however” meaning of ~(으)ㄴ/는데) 2) Giving hesitant response that may be not preferred by the listener 3)…
