I did not categorize this lesson by level for a reason. It may be too difficult for beginners, but it is such a crucial part of Korean and used extremely frequently. I recommend you study the overall concepts the first time you visit this lesson, the first time you became curious about it. It is…
3 Ways to change active verbs to passive: By inserting one of the suffixes ~이,히,리,기~ in active verbsBy conjugating the active verbs with the ending ~어/아지다By changing 하다 to 되다 When passive structure is used: When something is done to the subject without their active actionsWhen an inanimate subject is used: English intransitive verbs are…
BREAKDOWN ~다면/라면 = ~다고/N(이)라고 하면 “If, let’s say…” : combination of quotation and “if” Used only for hypothetical, imaginative situations you are unsure about When: likely to happen Purely hypothetical imagination ~(으)면 O O ~다면/라면 X O Click here to study ~(으)면 first! EXAMPLES 집에 가면 전화해. 1) When you go home, call me. –…
QUOTE SUGGESTION: ~자고 하다 When PERSON 1 suggested something (~자, ~(으)ㄹ래?, ~(으)ㄹ까?) and you are reporting to PERSON 2 that PERSON 1 suggested it, you use ~자고 하다. EXAMPLE 수지: 오늘 밥 같이 먹자. (Let’s eat together today.)((You go to another friend 지민.))나: 지민아, 수지가 밥 같이 먹자고 했어. (Jimin, Suji suggested that we eat…
CONJUGATION Conjugation rules base on the plain speech level conjugation EXAMPLES 선생님이 요즘 바쁘다고 하셨어요. (The teacher said s/he is busy nowadays.)친구가 오늘 아프다고 했어요. (My friend said s/he is sick today.)사람들이 요즘 일자리가 많이 없다고 해요. (People say there aren’t many jobs nowadays.) 걔 오늘 생일이라던데. 알고 있었어? (S/he said it’s her/his birthday today,…
USAGE This is the least polite and most casual sentence ending in Korean. It is used when there is no designated listeners and thus no need to use particular politeness levels (writing) or when you can be completely casual to the listener (friends, yourself)– Used in writings: journals, diaries, reports, essays, news articles, novels, etc.–…
BASIC DIFFERENCE 하다: ACTIVE ACTION “to do” Subject이/가 Object을/를 하다 [subject does object] 되다: PASSIVE RESULT “to become” Subject이/가 되다 [subject gets/becomes…] No object(을/를) before 되다 verbs 1. Active vs. Passive 예약(을) 하다 to make a reservation예약(이) 되다 to be reserved 사용(을) 하다 to use사용(이) 되다 to be used 준비(를) 하다 to prepare sth.준비(가) 되다…
Dictionary stem Retrospective Suffix(es) Ending Polite Ending 더 ~라(고) ~ 요 더 ~(으)ㄴ데 From 그런데(but)INT 9 | ~던데 ~요 ~더~ Recalling experience the speaker saw, heard, felt firsthand ~더라(고요) Reporting new information the speaker obtained through memory of what s/he saw, heard, or felt firsthand “I saw, heard others ~ing, and learned…” “I…
Dictionary stem Retrospective Suffix(es) Ending Polite Ending 더 ~라(고)INT 10 | ~더라(고) Retrospective ~ 요 더 ~(으)ㄴ데 From 그런데(but) ~요 ~더~ Recalling experience the speaker saw, heard, felt firsthand ~던데(요) 1) Refuting, disagreeing (from the original “however” meaning of ~(으)ㄴ/는데) 2) Giving hesitant response that may be not preferred by the listener 3)…
MEANING ~더~ Retrospective suffix (ex: ~던데: ~더+ (으)ㄴ/는데 refuting with the recalled memories)+ ~(으)ㄴ Noun-modifying form (verb past / adjective present or past)= ~던: describing a noun with recalling and reminiscing memories about it CONJUGATION Past tense suffix ~았/었~ + 던: = same usage as the regular past tense noun-modifying form ~(으)ㄴ= extra nuance of…
