INT 13 | 하다 VS 되다

BASIC DIFFERENCE

하다: ACTIVE ACTION “to do”
Subject이/가 Object을/를 하다 [subject does object]

되다: PASSIVE RESULT “to become”
Subject이/가 되다 [subject gets/becomes…]
No object(을/를) before 되다 verbs

1. Active vs. Passive

예약(을) 하다 to make a reservation
예약(이) 되다 to be reserved

사용(을) 하다 to use
사용(이) 되다 to be used

준비(를) 하다 to prepare sth.
준비(가) 되다 to be ready

요즘 시험 준비하고 있어요. I am preparing for the test nowadays.
시험 준비 다 됐어요! I am ready for the test! (The preparation is done!)

취직(을) 하다 to get a job
취직(이) 되다 to be hired

2. Emotion verbs with 하다, 되다

Describe 1st person and 2nd person’s feelings with ~되다

You are not actively doing an action. Rather, you are made to feel that way. For this reason, 되다 is used to describe the feelings of 1st person (I: 나, 저 / We: 우리, 저희) and 2nd person (you: 너, other titles addressing the listener).

To be regretful: 후회되다
To look forward to (to be excited) : 기대되다
To be worried : 걱정되다
To be contemplated: 고민되다
To be nervous: 긴장되다

걔랑 헤어진 게 후회돼. (I’m regretful of breaking up with him/her.)
새 드라마 너무 기대돼요. (I’m so excited about the new drama.)
내일 시험이 걱정돼요. (I’m worried about tomorrow’s exam.)
어떤 선물을 살지 고민돼요. (I’m contemplated about what kinds of gifts to buy.)
인터뷰 때문에 긴장돼요. (Because of the interview, I am nervous.)

나: 인터뷰 많이 긴장돼? (Are you really nervous about the interview?)
친구: 응, 대답 못하면 어떡해? 너무 걱정돼. (Yeah, what if I can’t answer the questions? I’m so worried.)

Describe 3rd person’s feelings with ~하다

Because you cannot represent others’ feelings inside them and can only describe upon their actions, 하다 is used to describe what kinds of emotions a 3rd person acts.

To regret: 후회하다
To look forward to (to be excited) : 기대하다
To worry : 걱정하다
To contemplate: 고민하다
To get nervous: 긴장하다

걔가 너랑 헤어진 거 많이 후회하고 있어. (S/he is regretting a lot about breaking up with you.)
다음 비디오도 기대해 주세요. (Please look forward to my next video, too.)
집에 일찍 들어가세요. 엄마가 걱정해요. (Go home early. Mom worries about you.)
친구가 어느 대학교에 갈지 고민하고 있어요. (My friend is contemplating which college to go to.)
그 학생… 너무 긴장한 것 같았어. (That student… looked like s/he was too nervous.)

Use 하다 for endings that imply agentive action

1. ~고 있다 (to be ~ing)
   걔랑 헤어진 게 많이 후회돼. (I’m regretful of breaking up with him/her.)
   걔랑 헤어진 걸 많이 후회하고 있어. (I am regretting breaking up with him/her.)
   
2. ~지 마/마세요 (Don’t be~)
   걱정하지 마세요. (Don’t worry – polite)
   고민하지 마. 그냥 해. (Don’t contemplate. Just do it.)
   긴장하지 마세요. 잘할 거예요. (Don’t be nervous. You will do well.)
   
3. ~(으)ㄹ게요 (I will: promising to the listener)
   기대할게요! (I will be looking forward to it!)
   긴장 안 할게요. 잘 하고 올게요. (I promise I will not get nervous. I will do well and come back.)