1/16 Sunday for ZOOM Hangout? (Poll)
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INT 16 | Indirect Quotation: suggestion, question, command
QUOTE SUGGESTION: ~자고 하다 When PERSON 1 suggested something (~자, ~(으)ㄹ래?, ~(으)ㄹ까?) and you are reporting to PERSON 2 that PERSON 1 suggested it, you use ~자고 하다. EXAMPLE 수지: 오늘 밥 같이 먹자. (Let’s eat together today.)((You go to another friend 지민.))나: 지민아, 수지가 밥 같이 먹자고 했어. (Jimin, Suji suggested that we eat…
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INT 15 | Indirect Quotation: statement
CONJUGATION Conjugation rules base on the plain speech level conjugation EXAMPLES 선생님이 요즘 바쁘다고 하셨어요. (The teacher said s/he is busy nowadays.)친구가 오늘 아프다고 했어요. (My friend said s/he is sick today.)사람들이 요즘 일자리가 많이 없다고 해요. (People say there aren’t many jobs nowadays.) 걔 오늘 생일이라던데. 알고 있었어? (S/he said it’s her/his birthday today,…
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INT 14 | Plain level (least polite) : ~다, 자, 냐?/니?, 라.
USAGE This is the least polite and most casual sentence ending in Korean. It is used when there is no designated listeners and thus no need to use particular politeness levels (writing) or when you can be completely casual to the listener (friends, yourself)– Used in writings: journals, diaries, reports, essays, news articles, novels, etc.–…
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INT 13 | 하다 VS 되다
BASIC DIFFERENCE 하다: ACTIVE ACTION “to do” Subject이/가 Object을/를 하다 [subject does object] 되다: PASSIVE RESULT “to become” Subject이/가 되다 [subject gets/becomes…] No object(을/를) before 되다 verbs 1. Active vs. Passive 예약(을) 하다 to make a reservation예약(이) 되다 to be reserved 사용(을) 하다 to use사용(이) 되다 to be used 준비(를) 하다 to prepare sth.준비(가) 되다…
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INT 12 | ~더라(고) Retrospective
Dictionary stem Retrospective Suffix(es) Ending Polite Ending 더 ~라(고) ~ 요 더 ~(으)ㄴ데 From 그런데(but)INT 9 | ~던데 ~요 ~더~ Recalling experience the speaker saw, heard, felt firsthand ~더라(고요) Reporting new information the speaker obtained through memory of what s/he saw, heard, or felt firsthand “I saw, heard others ~ing, and learned…” “I…
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INT 11 | ~던데
Dictionary stem Retrospective Suffix(es) Ending Polite Ending 더 ~라(고)INT 10 | ~더라(고) Retrospective ~ 요 더 ~(으)ㄴ데 From 그런데(but) ~요 ~더~ Recalling experience the speaker saw, heard, felt firsthand ~던데(요) 1) Refuting, disagreeing (from the original “however” meaning of ~(으)ㄴ/는데) 2) Giving hesitant response that may be not preferred by the listener 3)…
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INT 10 | ~던 + Noun
MEANING ~더~ Retrospective suffix (ex: ~던데: ~더+ (으)ㄴ/는데 refuting with the recalled memories)+ ~(으)ㄴ Noun-modifying form (verb past / adjective present or past)= ~던: describing a noun with recalling and reminiscing memories about it CONJUGATION Past tense suffix ~았/었~ + 던: = same usage as the regular past tense noun-modifying form ~(으)ㄴ= extra nuance of…
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INT 9 | Nominalization ~기, ~(으)ㅁ, ~는 것
~(으)ㄴ/는 것(거) the act of ~ingthe fact that…= the most neutral way to nominalize Korean verbs without a specific meaning or constraintTechnically, this is a noun-modifying form, not nominalization. However, it’s used the most frequently. USAGE: Hobby, habit, general tendency, preference CONJUGATION VERB ~는 것(거) 저는 먹는 거 좋아해요. I like eating.저는 수영하는 거 좋아해요….
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INT 8 | ~(으)ㄴ/는 + Noun
Verbs/adjectives have specific conjugation when they come before nouns to describe the noun. Often, you see the noun-modifying forms with 거(것): thing, the fact that…, the act of~. This is the most commonly used way of nominalization: changing verbs to nouns. Used for hobby, habit, preference, dream, wish, resolution, etc. = ~ing Verbs before nouns…
