INT 9 | Nominalization ~기, ~(으)ㅁ, ~는 것
~(으)ㄴ/는 것(거)
the act of ~ing
the fact that…
= the most neutral way to nominalize Korean verbs without a specific meaning or constraint
Technically, this is a noun-modifying form, not nominalization. However, it’s used the most frequently.
USAGE:
Hobby, habit, general tendency, preference
CONJUGATION
| VERB | ~는 것(거) | 저는 먹는 거 좋아해요. I like eating. 저는 수영하는 거 좋아해요. I like swimming. |
| ADJECTIVE | C은 것(거) Vㄴ 것(거) | 한 사이즈 작은 거 있어요? Is there one size smaller? 한 사이즈 큰 거 있어요? Is there one size bigger? |
거+은/는 = 건 저는 수영하는 건 싫어요. 근데 태닝은 좋아요.
As for me, swimming is meh. But tanning is good.
거+이/가 = 게 저는 수영하는 게 좋아요.
As for me, swimming is good. (I like swimming).
What’s the difference between -은/는 and -이/가?
Click here to learn Topic Particle-은/는 vs Subject Particle 이/가
거+을/를 = 걸 저는 수영하는 걸 좋아해요.
I like swimming.
저는 수영하는 걸 싫어해요.
I hate swimming.
What’s the difference between -이/가 and -을/를?
Click here to learn Subject Particle -이/가 vs Object Particle -을/를
~기
Prospective: not happened yet at the point of reference
– Used in to-do lists
– Used with 시작하다, 약속하다: at the point of reference to start or promise, the action is going to happen and not yet happened
– Used to describe your feeling about an action you have to do : again, must happen but not yet
USAGE:
- Bullet journal
오늘의 할 일 (Today’s to-do list)
– 청소하기 cleaning
– 숙제하기 doing homework
– 엄마한테 전화하기 calling mom - ~기 시작하다: to start ~ing
작년에 한국어를 배우기 시작했어요. I started learning Korean last year.
오늘부터 운동하기 시작할 거예요. I will start exercising from today. - ~기로 (약속)하다, (결)정하다: to promise, decide to~
친구랑 저녁 먹기로 (약속)했어요. I made plan to have dinner with my friend.
매일 운동하기로 했어요. I decided to work out everyday. - ~기 싫다undesirable/귀찮다bothersome/힘들다tiring/어렵다difficult/쉽다easy/좋다nice
한국은 혼자 여행하기 좋아요. Korea is good to travel alone.
아… 공부하기 싫어요. Ugh… I hate to study. (I don’t feel like studying)
매일 단어 외우기 힘들어요. It’s tiring(challenging) to memorize vocabulary every day.
청소하기 너무 귀찮아요. It’s so bothersome to clean.
FIXED NOUNS WITH ~기 (not only used with prospective meaning)
말하기 speaking / 듣기 listening / 읽기 reading / 쓰기 writing
걷기 walking / 달리기 running / 숨쉬기 breathing
~(으)ㅁ
Retrospective: already happened at the point of reference
– Used in reports and presentations on delivering findings
– Many nouns come from its verb by conjugating them into ~(으)ㅁ
FIXED NOUNS WITH ~(으)ㅁ
잠 sleep : 잠을 자다 (to sleep a sleep)
꿈 dream: 꿈을 꾸다 (to dream a dream)
춤 dance: 춤을 추다 (to dance a dance)
그림 drawing/painting 그림을 그리다 (to draw/paint a painting)
– These are used together with their verbs more often.
If you conjugate adjectives to ~(으)ㅁ, it becomes noun:
슬프다 to be sad = 슬픔
기쁘다 to be delighted, happy = 기쁨
아프다 to be hurtful, sick = 아픔
밉다 to hate someone (but with affection) = 미움
그립다 to miss something that’s absent = 그리움
외롭다 to be lonely, lonesome = 외로움
